What are intermittent pneumatic compression devices?
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Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices are used to help prevent blood clots in the deep veins of the legs. The devices use cuffs around the legs that fill with air and squeeze your legs. This increases blood flow through the veins of your legs and helps prevent blood clots.
Veins are the blood vessels that bring oxygen-poor blood and waste products back to the heart. Arteries are the blood vessels that bring oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the body. A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep inside the body. In most cases, this clot forms inside one of the deep veins of the thigh or lower leg.
The veins in your legs have tiny valves that help keep blood moving back up toward the heart. But a DVT may damage one or more of these valves. This causes them to weaken or become leaky. When this happens, blood starts to pool in your legs. This can also happen if you are immobile for a long period of time. Normally, muscles in the leg help blood move up in the veins when the muscles contract. When blood flows very slowly through the veins, this increases the risk that cells in the blood will stick together and form a clot.
DVT is a common condition, especially in people over age 65. Post-thrombotic syndrome affects a large number of people who have had DVT. It can happen in men and women of any age.
DVT is a serious medical condition that can cause swelling, pain, and tenderness in your leg. In some cases, a deep clot in a leg vein can break free and stick in a vessel in the lung. This can cause a blockage in the vessel called a pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism can cause severe shortness of breath and even sudden death.
While using an IPC device, your calf or whole leg is enclosed in a cuff. The cuff fills with air and squeezes the leg, much like a blood pressure cuff. Then the cuff deflates and relaxes. The process then repeats over and over. The compression helps move blood through your veins towards your heart. IPC also promotes the natural release of substances in your body that help prevent clots. Between compressions, the cuffs of the device relax, and oxygen-rich blood continues to flow in the arteries of your leg.
Why might I need to use intermittent pneumatic compression devices?
You might need to use IPC devices if you have a high risk of getting a DVT. Anything that slows the movement of blood through your veins increases your risk of DVT. A variety of conditions can increase your chance of getting a DVT, such as:
- Recent surgery, which decreases your mobility and increases inflammation in the body, which can lead to clotting
- Medical conditions that limit your mobility, such as an injury or stroke
- Long periods of travel, which limit your mobility
- Injury to a deep vein
- Inherited blood disorders that increase clotting
- Pregnancy
- Cancer treatment
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Older age
IPC is one way to help prevent DVT. A blood-thinning medicine such as warfarin is also used to treat people who are at high risk for DVT. These medicines may work better than compression devices in preventing DVT. But they have other risks. If you have a high risk of excess bleeding from a blood thinner, your healthcare provider may be more likely to advise IPC instead. In some cases, your provider might advise both blood thinners and IPC.
IPC is used most often for people who have just had surgery. It may also be used after a stroke or to help treat lymphedema.
What are the risks of using intermittent pneumatic compression devices?
All procedures have risks. The risks of this procedure include:
- Discomfort, warmth, or sweating beneath the cuff
- Skin breakdown
- Nerve damage (rare)
- Pressure injury (rare)
Careful attention to skin care can help prevent these complications. It’s also important that your cuff size is correct.
Some people with certain health conditions should not use IPC devices. For example, people with leg ulcers, burns, or peripheral vascular disease have a higher risk for problems. Older adults may be more at risk for skin breakdown. Talk with your provider about the risks that most apply to you and any concerns you may have.
How do I get ready for using intermittent pneumatic compression devices?
A healthcare provider may measure your leg, to make sure you get the right size cuff. Ycal 1 6. If you are to use the device at home, you will also be instructed how to correctly put on the cuff. Be sure to ask any questions you have about the device or why it is being used.
What happens during use of intermittent pneumatic compression devices?
In most cases, an IPC is used in the hospital. Or you may be instructed how to use it at home.
There are many types of IPC devices. Yours might cover your calf, or it might go around your whole leg. Some inflate all over the leg with the same pressure. Others may first apply pressure to the lower and then the upper part of the leg. Some inflate quickly, and others inflate slowly.
A healthcare provider will show you how to put on your IPC cuff. They often use Velcro straps to close. The cuff can be put on over or under your clothes, whichever is more comfortable. When fastened around your leg, the cuff should feel snug, but it shouldn’t hurt. You should be able to place a finger between the cuff and your leg.
Next, you attach the cuff to the compression machine. This machine will cycle between inflating and deflating the cuff. This may feel a little strange at first. Let your healthcare provider know if it is too uncomfortable. Changing a cuff to stop discomfort can help prevent complications.
You can remove your IPC cuff when you need to shower. Check your skin when the device is off and alert your provider if there are any areas of tenderness, swelling, warmth, redness, or skin breakdown. Make sure to put it back on as soon as possible. The more you use it, the more you will lower your risk of DVT and pulmonary embolism.
Your healthcare team may give you other instructions about what to do with your IPC device.
What happens after use of intermittent pneumatic compression devices?
Your healthcare provider will tell you when you can stop using the device. This will be at the point your risk of DVT goes down. If you have just had surgery, try to get up and move as soon as possible. With increased mobility, your risk of DVT will go down.
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Your provider may give you other instructions about ways to prevent DVT. These may include drinking plenty of water and getting physical activity. Follow all of your healthcare provider’s instructions.
Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the following:
- Swelling in your leg
- A warm area on your leg
- Pain in your leg or on the skin under your cuff
- A sore on the skin under your cuff
Next steps
Before you agree to the test or the procedure make sure you know: Pdf reader 32 bit.
- The name of the test or procedure
- The reason you are having the test or procedure
- What results to expect and what they mean
- The risks and benefits of the test or procedure
- What the possible side effects or complications are
- When and where you are to have the test or procedure
- Who will do the test or procedure and what that person’s qualifications are
- What would happen if you did not have the test or procedure
- Any alternative tests or procedures to think about
- When and how will you get the results
- Who to call after the test or procedure if you have questions or problems
- How much will you have to pay for the test or procedure
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export | 19 comments | Create New Account
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Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
Thanks a lot!
I've been looking for a way to do this for a while. I scan quite a lot of documents for archival purposes, but when I have to E-Mail one of them, they are usually to large. The included reduce file size PDF option is just crap.
I've been looking for a way to do this for a while. I scan quite a lot of documents for archival purposes, but when I have to E-Mail one of them, they are usually to large. The included reduce file size PDF option is just crap.
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
interesting, but definitely not original, this topic is found a lot of times on the web
http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/33702/compress-pdf-with-adjustable-ratio
http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/33702/compress-pdf-with-adjustable-ratio
I scanned through the same topic last week myself, but defaulted to finding an app that does it way better than my ability to futz with libraries. Take a look at PDF Squeezer on the App Store – for $1.99, you cannot beat it. I know it may not be hacky enough, but as a basic user, this program rocks!
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pdf-squeezer/id504700302?mt=12
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pdf-squeezer/id504700302?mt=12
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
You can edit or add new filters using the GUI:
/Applications/Utilities/ColorSync Utility
/Applications/Utilities/ColorSync Utility
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
oh.. what an overlook from my side!
best of all, it also puts them in user Library, good when upgrading.
best of all, it also puts them in user Library, good when upgrading.
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
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I found that your settings as described didn't yield good results. None of them resulted in a clear pdf. As such I also adjusted the ImageScaleFactor setting in the quartz filter file. With these settings, the high quality filter was indistinguishable from the 'no quartz filter' file.
For this test I used a 1.2 MB jpg file and exported it to pdf. Here's my filter settings and resulting file size:
PDF with no quartz filter file size: 4.4 MB
Name: Reduce File Size_Low Quality
Compression Quality: 0.5
ImageScaleFactor: 0.5
ImageSizeMax: 842
File Size: 250 KB
Name: Reduce File Size_Intermediate Quality
Compression Quality: 0.75
ImageScaleFactor: 0.6
ImageSizeMax: 1684
File Size: 442 KB
Name: Reduce File Size_High Quality
Compression Quality: 0.95
ImageScaleFactor: 0.75
ImageSizeMax: 3508
File Size: 774 KB
For this test I used a 1.2 MB jpg file and exported it to pdf. Here's my filter settings and resulting file size:
PDF with no quartz filter file size: 4.4 MB
Name: Reduce File Size_Low Quality
Compression Quality: 0.5
ImageScaleFactor: 0.5
ImageSizeMax: 842
File Size: 250 KB
Name: Reduce File Size_Intermediate Quality
Compression Quality: 0.75
ImageScaleFactor: 0.6
ImageSizeMax: 1684
File Size: 442 KB
Name: Reduce File Size_High Quality
Compression Quality: 0.95
ImageScaleFactor: 0.75
ImageSizeMax: 3508
File Size: 774 KB
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
Cannot understand why you edited filters by hand when it's years that there is the ColorSync Utility app in your Mac that makes all this editing definitely easier.
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Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
I have tried on several occasions to use Colorsync utility to create reduced file-size output settings like this. However every time I ended up frustrated by the sheer bugginess of the colorsync utility. Settings would revert to the defaults after saving the preset, etc.
I'm definitely going to try the approach outlined in this hint.
Having this facility is great when you are preparing a pdf file to send to a print shop and you want someone to proof-read your work without having to send them a 20 Mb+ file.
I'm definitely going to try the approach outlined in this hint.
Having this facility is great when you are preparing a pdf file to send to a print shop and you want someone to proof-read your work without having to send them a 20 Mb+ file.
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
'Having this facility is great when you are preparing a pdf file to send to a print shop and you want someone to proof-read your work without having to send them a 20 Mb+ file.'
That's one of the reasons I use Colorsync Utility to create PDF filters. I made three different filters with three different compression results that I use according to the output needs: archiving, proofreading, send to print shop.
I made my filters with Colorsync Utility and I didn't occur in the problems you mentioned. It's real thet C.U. is quirky and you need to know its idiosyncrasies, but it gets its jobs done.
That's one of the reasons I use Colorsync Utility to create PDF filters. I made three different filters with three different compression results that I use according to the output needs: archiving, proofreading, send to print shop.
I made my filters with Colorsync Utility and I didn't occur in the problems you mentioned. It's real thet C.U. is quirky and you need to know its idiosyncrasies, but it gets its jobs done.
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
great post.
But does anyone know some way to merge different pdf in same file using export function and reduce size at the same time?
When I need to merge and reduce PDF file size I need to do too many steps.
open pdf 1
open pdf 2
move pages from pdf2 to pdf1
print as PDF (generate new PDF merged)
open PDF Merged
export > reduce file size
Some tip?
But does anyone know some way to merge different pdf in same file using export function and reduce size at the same time?
When I need to merge and reduce PDF file size I need to do too many steps.
open pdf 1
open pdf 2
move pages from pdf2 to pdf1
print as PDF (generate new PDF merged)
open PDF Merged
export > reduce file size
Some tip?
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
1.) open pdf1 (make sure the the sidebar in Preview is visible) 2.) drag pdf2 into the sidebar (on top of the preview icon) 3.) press cmd-S (to save the file) 4.) export/compress the complete file as you like it Fast, I think.
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
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There is a major bug in Lion (up to 10.7.4 so far) so that user Quartz Filters created in ColorSync Utility don't work.
So duplicating the system filters and editing in a text editor is your only choice for now.
So duplicating the system filters and editing in a text editor is your only choice for now.
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
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Is there a way to get these to show up in the Filter Dropdown menu with different names? Despite naming the files with Good, Better and Best in their name, they all have the same name; Reduce Fie Size. Is this file's name determined in the file's code?
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
Question: How do I calculate ImageSizeMax for US Standard 8.5' x 11' paper size? Great hint. Thank you!
'interesting, but definitely not original, this topic is found a lot of times on the web'
Yes there are other 'versions' of this that can be found on the web but this is a helpful addition! This (PDF file size) can be a frustrating area.
I particularly like the way you can show the different file sizes in Preview -- that is very helpful.
Thank you for the help.
Tony
Yes there are other 'versions' of this that can be found on the web but this is a helpful addition! This (PDF file size) can be a frustrating area.
I particularly like the way you can show the different file sizes in Preview -- that is very helpful.
Thank you for the help.
Tony
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
Are these settings wiped out when updating the OS?
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
Mavericks update: This hint works reasonably well in Mavericks, but all four settings have the same name in the drop down menu in the Export command from Preview.app. I used the names suggested, and of the four identical appearing names for Quartz filters, best is on top, and proceeds decrescendo (downwards) to the default filter.
Mavericks accepted /System/Library/Filters/ as a site for the new files. Reboot did not resolve. I've decided not to care, but if a remedy is proposed, I agree to notice.
Mavericks accepted /System/Library/Filters/ as a site for the new files. Reboot did not resolve. I've decided not to care, but if a remedy is proposed, I agree to notice.
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
Change the string near the end of the file to whatever you prefer:
<key>Name</key>
<string>Reduce File Size Best</string>
<key>Name</key>
<string>Reduce File Size Best</string>
Make your own Reduce File Size presets for PDF export
In Mavericks 10.9.4 I was able to use the ColorSync Utility to duplicate and modify the filter.. however to make it show up in Preview, I had to move the .qfilter files from user/library/filters to system/library/filters.
Dave
Dave